Book summary: Pragma

Danger flags

  • before a person does something bad, there’s often predictable signs that they were going to do it
    • Choose your companions wisely
    • someone who is usually experienced periodically screws up a task
    • do not employ people for areas where they are already flagged
      • but very expensive to constantly maintain this cognitive overhead
    • avoid hiring people who get very self-destructive when anxious
    • test them with small mission
  • Machiavelli: The Prince
    • its much safer to be respected than loved
      • preferable to be both if possible
      • people promise you the sky (love you) when you are in power and treating them nicely and doing them favors – promises which won’t be fulfilled when crisis hits or war breaks out
      • if someone truly respects you, some sort of liking and shared understanding tends also to emerge
  • It is better to cultivate one very sharp skill than be mediocre at everything with no danger flags
  • Grim determination is a good trait to cultivate – follow through to the bitter end
  • Ray Dalio: Principles – how to live up to your potential
    • objectively diagnose one’s mistake
    • cultivate friends who will point out your blind spots
    • avoid ego and shortsightedness to uncover mistakes and weaknesses
  • Major danger flags – avoid when identified
    • inability to face pain
    • regular justification
    • believing self to be an exception
    • only taking internal view and not taking external view
      • in any new endeavor find the base rates of success and failure
  • Identify and mitigate against structural problems
    • first step is to identify them
    • single points of failure
  • Paul Graham, Keep your identity small
    • the more labels you have for yourself the dumber they make you
    • bravado
  • Money usage: people who never had enough money are prone to bribery
  • Neglect: lack of vigilance
  • Inflammability: ease of in-sighting anger

Limit breaks

  • Allocation and Time as a measure of priority
    • know where you are spending your time
    • reduce time on insignificant things
      • quit lesser pleasures
      • arrange your evening so that it is not cut in the middle by a meal
      • take the time you have available seriously
      • number of decisions per day
      • actions per minute
  • largest overlooked gains in a field:
    • Study into seemingly unrelated fields or those lagging prestige
  • Perfect practice leads to perfect performance
  • Automate where possible
    • remove recurring not important work
    • spend time to sit, think and study your own work
    • strive on being better, not perfect
  • Decide what not to do and never do it
  • Unfinished work decays overtime
  • People who are able to answer controversial questions well would do well on other types of questions more often than chance
    • ability to reasons through and coming to a conclusion
  • Search for basic procedure
    • identify hidden logic
  • Codification, doctrine and training
  • Strength on weakness/opportunity
  • Understand the cost of doing things
    • reduce scope
    • understand 80/20 – 80% of the effort to get the final 20% completed
  • Negotiations: define win conditions
  • Investing – always focus on earnings
  • Be right than get distracted in appearing good

Lingua Franca

  • Words in a language limits the ability to express specific ideas
  • Control perception to control how the masses operate
  • any idea brought to its extreme becomes its exact opposite – calibration is important
  • Rhetoric – persuasive language
  • Ethics versus morality
    • external code of conduct versus internal belief system/world view
    • guilt versus shame
  • Ethos, Pathons, Logos
    • ethics – appeal to ethics
    • passion – appeal to passion
    • Logic – appeal to logic
  • Paul Graham: when things are hard, people who suspect its non-sense generally keep quiet

References

  • Extreme productivity, Bob Pozen
  • Book of Five Rings, Miyamoto Mushashi
  • Anabasis, Xenophon
  • The Goal, Goldratt
  • On Killing, Dave Grossman
  • On Combat, Dave Grossman
  • TaoDeChing, Lao Zi

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